The word magic is not often used in the context of science. But in the early 1930s, scientists discovered that some atomic nuclei—the center part of atoms, which make up all matter—were more stable ...

Protons are tiny particles just a femtometer across, but without them, atoms wouldn't exist. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here’s how it works.

Artemis Spyrou receives funding from the US National Science Foundation. Sean Liddick receives funding from the Department of Energy, Office of Science and the Department of Energy, National Nuclear ...