It involves the introduction of a diammonium halide salt known as propane-1,3-diammonium iodide (PDA) during film formation. The cell had an area of 0.049 cm2 and an inverted configuration.

The penetrated halide ions are bound in this cavity so that the time required for entry could be measured. Chloride is a component of common salt, is found in seawater and plays an important role ...