Large-section ultra-heavy steel plates feature low cooling rate of central part during quenching process, as well as great differences in texture and performance along thickness direction. Wet jet ...

The US National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has achieved remarkable efficiency and stability for a wide-bandgap all-perovskite tandem solar cell. The scientist developed the device with an ...

Astronomers studying galaxy evolution have long struggled to understand what causes star formation to shut down in massive galaxies. Although many theories have been proposed to explain this process, ...

The process of heat-treating metals on the industrial scale primarily serves to improve the overall properties of the metals required for their future use. Such metal properties can include toughness, ...

Many industrial processes involve the heat treatment of materials, such as metals, plastics, and composites. Commonly used heat transfer fluids such as water, ethylene glycol, and oils exhibit ...

1. Original Factory Protection System: The 'Hardcore' Protection of Hot-Formed Steel ...