This article will review flow cytometry to help readers understand the challenges faced when increasing flow cytometer SNR (signal-to-noise ratio). Quick review: What is flow cytometry? Flow cytometry ...

The concept of noise power ratio (NPR) has been around since the early days of frequency division multiplexed (FDM) telephone systems. The NPR is simply a measure of the “quietness” of an unused ...

Noise is the real enemy of data communications. Whenever electrons travel over a wire or radiate through space, they generate some electromagnetic noise. Therefore, whenever a data signal is sent ...

Power over coax (PoC) works by transmitting both data and power over a single coaxial cable, reducing wiring, weight, and ...

In my initial column last month, I talked about why I prefer charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras over hand-held digital ones. This month, I continue my discussion of CCD imaging by examining something ...

The performance of filters depends, above all else, on a high signal transmission. Also significant is a low noise level. In many applications, the signal-to-noise ratio is the critical factor. This ...

Music labels and equipment suppliers hope that high-resolution-audio formats, such as DVD-Audio and SACD (Super Audio CD), will be the latest in a string of mostly successful upgrade “pitches” ...

The ratio of the power or volume (amplitude) of a signal to the amount of disturbance (the noise) mixed in with it. Measured in decibels, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR, S/N) measures the clarity of the ...

Researchers have designed electromechanically reconfigurable ultrathin optical elements that can be controlled and programmed on a pixel-by-pixel level. These versatile metasurfaces could offer a new ...