Vertices and edges of the same color and shape in a graph are mapped to each other by a symmetry permutation preserving the structure of data.

All quadratic functions have the same type of curved graphs with a line of symmetry. The graph of the quadratic function \(y = ax^2 + bx + c\) is a smooth curve with one turning point. The turning ...

Graph distinguishing numbers constitute a vital parameter in understanding the symmetry properties of graphs. Fundamentally, the distinguishing number of a graph is the minimal number of labels ...