Integrated circuits, unlike board-level designs which are composed of discrete parts, are impossible to breadboard before manufacture. Further, the high costs of photolithographic masks and other ...

The pedagogical model of the integrated circuit goes something like this: take a silicone wafer, etch out a few wells, dope some of the silicon with phosphorous, mask some of the chip off, dope som… ...

Figure 1: Light circuits. a, This circuit represents a basic two-qubit quantum logic gate. Blue beam splitters reflect 50% of the incident light, green beam splitters 33%.

Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) can enable high-speed data transmission, low-power consumption, and compact size, making ...

Researchers in Italy have created the first integrated circuit to combine two transistors made from the “wonder material” graphene. By adapting a technique used to fabricate silicon transistors the ...

Graphene, the material made of a single layer of carbon atoms, may be a step closer to reaching its potential: IBM researchers announced that they have created the first graphene integrated circuit.

Many basic plasmonic components have already been developed. In this review, researches on plasmonic waveguides are reviewed from the perspective of plasmonic circuits.