On the other hand, azimuthal vector beams can induce longitudinal magnetic fields with potential applications in spectroscopy and microscopy. Nonetheless, generating such beams with high ...

The azimuthal orthographic is thousands of years old. In the first century, Ptolemy described how a geographer named Hipparchus used the projection, which he called the analemma, to map the globe.

The shape of the actual relief grating formed experimentally would be asymmetrical rather than sinusoidal. To investigate the dependence of the shape of the grating surface on the surface azimuthal ...