Hard water is the type of water that has high mineral content (in contrast with soft water). Hard water minerals primarily consist of calcium (Ca2+), and ...

Calcite is the most stable and the least soluble, and, therefore, the form in which calcium carbonate would be expected to precipitate from sea-water. It has been pointed out, however, that when ...

Stanford researchers developed a scalable method to permanently remove CO2 from the atmosphere using heat-activated minerals.

A research team has shown that methanogens, micro-organisms ubiquitous in low-oxygen environments like aquifers, soil and even permafrost, can propel their growth by dissolving calcium carbonate, one ...

Among the myriad creatures that populate our ocean, some stand out as having an outsized impact on the marine environment—shaping and maintaining habitats that themselves sustain countless other forms ...

Hard and soft water are different because of the minerals they contain. Hard water has more calcium and magnesium. These water minerals can cause limescale, which clogs pipes and damages machines like ...

Sodium carbonate, Na 2 CO 3 ... sodium ions come off the resin and go into the water, while calcium ions come out of the water and stick to the resin. In effect, calcium ions that cause hardness ...