While fluoride is beneficial in the right amounts, excessive exposure can lead to conditions such as fluorosis, which causes white patches on teeth, and, in rare cases, skeletal fluorosis ...

From reproductive rights to climate change to Big Tech, The Independent is on the ground when the story is developing. Whether it's investigating the financials of Elon Musk's pro-Trump PAC or ...

What Is a Spinal MRI? A spinal MRI, or magnetic resonance imaging, uses powerful magnets, radio waves, and a computer to make clear, detailed pictures of your spine. The MRI may scan your whole ...

Objectives Lumbar bone stress injury (‘bone stress injury’) is common in junior fast bowlers. The repetitive loading of cricket fast bowling may cause bone marrow oedema (BMO), detectable on MRI, ...

Damage to the lumbar facet joints is commonly associated with this kind of chronic lower back pain. In fact, up to 45% of patients experiencing lower back pain also have issues with their lumbar ...

Axial rotations of lumbar vertebrae have been measured ... indicate degenerative spinal instability. Sagittal views on reconstructed CT scans and MRI of spines subjected to axial compressive ...

Mar. 14, 2025 — Researchers have found that proteins and pathways involved in inflammation are associated with changes in bone mineral density (BMD) over time. The research, could potentially ...

No surgery-related major complications were noted, except in 3 patients who complained of transient paresthesia in the affected lumbar segment.

Neural foraminal stenosis is a common condition that can cause symptoms referred to as a pinched nerve. The neural foramen (spinal foramen) are small holes on the sides of the backbone that are ...