Nuclear pulse propulsion is a technology that would work. It was being developed in the 1960s but it was stopped because of ...

Moscow’s women not only build businesses, but also open technology startups. Advanced innovations developed by women have won ...

Scientists may finally have a way to detect ancient life on Mars by studying microbial fossils preserved in sulfate minerals.

"We proved that our instrument is capable of detecting signatures of life in gypsum," he added, suggesting it might help do ...

Scientists found fossil-like traces in gypsum, suggesting ancient microbial life may have existed on Mars billions of years ...

"Our findings provide a methodological framework for detecting biosignatures in Martian sulfate minerals ... and are now thought to be sulfur-oxidizing bacteria like Beggiatoa.

Gypsum from Algeria stood in for Martian sulfate deposits However ... and cause some of the material to ablate and ionize. These ions are then fed into a mass spectrometer, accelerated, and ...

Electron-transparent sections for STEM and STXM were prepared using a focused ion beam ... by minor sulfur and fluorine content. Sulfur was identified as sodium sulfate, and the elemental ratios ...

from ferrate to ferric, from ferric to ferrous, from ferrous to free iron, or from sulfate to sulfite and free sulfur ... that is the formation of (hydrogen ion) in the case of acids, and OH ...