During chemical reactions, atoms in the reacting substances break their bonds and re-arrange, forming different chemical ...

A group of researchers from Ehime University investigated valence electron configurations using light, expanding on prior studies of superconductors and quantum spin liquids. The findings were ...

The distribution of outermost shell electrons, known as valence electrons, of organic molecules was observed for the first time. As the interactions between atoms are governed by the valence electrons ...

Chemistry textbooks explain how reactions start and end, but they rarely show what happens ...

Valence electrons, located in the outermost shell of an atom, play an important role in driving chemical reactions and forming bonds with other atoms. Subscribe to our newsletter for the latest ...

A valence electron in titanium oxide has been imaged at a resolution of 0.2 Angstroms using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and a new Fourier synthesis method that can determine the orbital states in ...

For the first time, scientists visualized how electrons behave during a chemical reaction, which could help reduce unwanted byproducts in future chemistry. When you purchase through links on our site, ...

Using synchrotron infrared light and near-infrared/visible lasers without applying a magnetic field, we observed the response of valence electrons in the (C₂H₅)(CH₃)₃As[Pd(C₃S₅)₂]₂ crystal. The ...

The Nature Index 2025 Research Leaders — previously known as Annual Tables — reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural and health sciences, according to their output in ...