Normally, fluorine atoms are so electronegative and reactive that squeezing five of them into a single ion should make it fall apart, but this one was mysteriously stable inside the neon matrix.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) contain bonds between carbon and fluorine atoms considered the strongest in organic chemistry. New research shows that using excess electrons shatters ...

By spatially confining fluorine, scientists could activate feeding gases while disabling its harmful effects. To put this rate in perspective, this new approach reduces the time of growing a 10 ...

A study suggests atoms can bond not only with electrons in their outer shells, but also via those in their supposedly sacrosanct inner shells Most of us learned in high school chemistry class that ...

A fluorine atom contains 7 electrons in its outer shell; it desperately wants the 8th, which converts it into fluoride. This is why the element is so reactive. Image: Wikimedia Commons. Fluorine (the ...

To form cesium trifluoride (CsF 3), a cesium atom would share its single valence electron and two inner-shell electrons with three fluorine atoms. Four inner electrons would go into making cesium ...

The electrons were so tightly bound with the fluorine that the amount of energy it would take to excite them was very high, allowing lower energy light to reach the nucleus.